SONIC: Supersizing Motion Tracking for Natural Humanoid Whole-Body Control
Zhengyi Luo†, Ye Yuan†, Tingwu Wang†, Chenran Li†, Fernando Castañeda†, Sirui Chen*, Zi-Ang Cao*, Jiefeng Li*, David Minor*, Qingwei Ben*, Jinhyung Park*, David Sami*, Zi Wang*, Xingye Da*, Runyu Ding, Cyrus Hogg, Lina Song, Edy Lim, Eugene Jeong, Tairan He, Haoru Xue, Wenli Xiao, Simon Yuen, Jan Kautz, Yan Chang, Umar Iqbal, Linxi "Jim" Fan, Yuke Zhu
摘要 / AbstractDespite the rise of billion-parameter foundation models trained across thousands of GPUs, similar scaling gains have not been shown for humanoid control. Current neural controllers for humanoids remain modest in size, target a limited set of behaviors, and are trained on a handful of GPUs. We show that scaling model capacity, data, and compute yields a generalist humanoid controller capable of natural, robust whole-body movements. We position motion tracking as a scalable task for humanoid control, leveraging dense supervision from diverse motion-capture data to acquire human motion priors without manual reward engineering. We build a foundation model for motion tracking by scaling along three axes: network size (1.2M to 42M parameters), dataset volume (100M+ frames from 700 hours of motion capture), and compute (21k GPU hours). Beyond demonstrating the benefits of scale, we further show downstream utility through: (1) a real-time kinematic planner bridging motion tracking to tasks such as navigation, enabling natural and interactive control, and (2) a unified token space supporting VR teleoperation and vision-language-action (VLA) models with a single policy. Through this interface, we demonstrate autonomous VLA-driven whole-body loco-manipulation requiring coordinated hand and foot placement. Scaling motion tracking exhibits favorable properties: performance improves steadily with compute and data diversity, and learned policies generalize to unseen motions, establishing motion tracking at scale as a practical foundation for humanoid control.
先前工作包括运动跟踪方法(如GMT、Any2Track、BeyondMimic),但大多局限于训练数据上的表现,且未展示丰富的下游任务。对抗式模仿学习方法(AMP、ASE、CALM)通过判别器提供统一目标,但随着数据多样性增加易发生模式坍塌(Luo et al., 2023; Tessler et al., 2024)。专用控制器(如OpenHomie)针对单一任务优化,难以泛化。本文通过大规模运动跟踪构建通用策略,并引入通用令牌空间统一异构输入。
Figure 7(第 14 页):SONIC enables universal humanoid motion tracking through a universal control policy that handles diverse motion commands and modalities. Specialized encoders process robot, human, and hybrid motion commands into a universal token that drives robot control and motion decoders. This multi-encoder design supports diverse applications including gamepad control, VR teleoperation, whole-body teleoperation, and video teleoperation.